Directors' duties

Directors' duties can be onerous at the best of times. The general duties have been codified in the Companies Act 2006 and are summarised simply in the following Ministerial statement:

1. Act in the company’s best interests taking everything you think relevant into account.
2. Obey the company’s constitution and decisions taken under it.
3. Be honest and remember that the company’s property belongs to it and not to you or its shareholders.
4. Be diligent, careful and well informed about the company’s affairs. If you have any special skills or experience use them.
5. Make sure the company keeps records of your decisions.
6. Remember that you remain responsible for the work you give to others.
7. Avoid situations where your interests conflict with those of the company. When in doubt disclose potential conflicts quickly.
8. Seek external advice where necessary, particularly if the company is in financial difficulty.

Troubled companies

But things get more difficult if the company has financial problems.

Directors must recognise that when a company’s assets exceed its liabilities or it cannot pay its debts as they fall due, their primary duty ceases to be to the shareholders and the interests of creditors become paramount.

Failure to carry out his duties with the appropriate degree of skill and care may render a director liable for wrongful trading if he knew or ought to have known that the company could not avoid insolvent liquidation. The guilty director may then be liable to compensate creditors for the losses caused by his conduct. He may also be disqualified from acting as a director for up to 15 years. 

Practical steps

What can you do as a director to protect yourself when your company is in financial difficulties?

1. Hold regular full board meetings and keep comprehensive minutes of commercial decisions and the reasons for them - indeed, keep notes of all significant discussions about the company's affairs.
2. Make sure that you have full financial information and are aware of the extent of creditor pressure, court or recovery action by creditors and disputes.
3. Make sure that the decisions you take are taken in the interests of creditors.
4. Seek specialist advice. You are not expected to know all the answers about how to deal with financial distress.
5. If you know or suspect that there is no reasonable prospect of the company avoiding insolvent liquidation, discuss the situation at a full board meeting with a view to taking specialist advice and initiating a formal insolvency procedure.
6. Take independent advice if fellow directors do not share your concerns about the company’s solvency.
7. Do not take further credit.
8. Take steps to minimise losses to all creditors equally.

Points 7 and 8 can be particularly challenging in the real world and will be much easier to deal with if you have the benefit of specialist insolvency advice.

Seek advice early as this not only protects you as a director, it widens the options for rescue and turnaround action.

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As revealed in Insolvency reform - Bank Law Blog, the Insolvency Service has issued a consultation paper setting out its proposals to modernise and streamline the law governing insolvency procedure.

The broad aims are to bring insolvency law up to date with our current ability to communicate electronically, to move some decision-making process to insolvency practitioners and to remove some unnecessary burdens from insolvency practitioners. Replies to the consultation must be with the Insolvency Service by 10 December 2007.

The document's full title is:

"A consultation document on changes to the Insolvency Act 1986 and the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 to be made by a Legislative Reform Order for the modernisation and streamlining of insolvency procedures".

It is:

 "A Consultation Paper issued by The Insolvency Service on behalf of the Minister of State for Employment Relations and Postal Affairs"

and it is available for download (from the Insolvency Service website) here.

There are eight proposals, detailed below:

1. To modernise and make more flexible the means of communication, and the exchange of information, between insolvency office-holders and creditors (and others who send or receive information) in insolvency cases by:

1.Introducing a provision requiring creditors to “opt-in” if they wish to receive information issued by the insolvency office-holder during the conduct of the proceedings and/or who wish to participate in the insolvency process.
2.Updating insolvency legislation to make it explicit that communication can be effected electronically where the legislation requires it to be “in writing”.
3.Enabling insolvency office-holders to provide information by sending a link to a website on which information is posted.
4.Providing a legislative framework that will allow insolvency office-holders to hold meetings required to be held as part of their conduct of insolvency cases through media other than meetings held at a physical venue.

2. To remove a requirement that is imposed upon liquidators and trustees in bankruptcy requiring them to obtain sanction for certain actions they propose to take as part of their conduct of the case.

3. Moving to allow discretionary advertising of the appointment of a voluntary liquidator and to remove restrictions on the form any such advertisement can take.

4. Removing a requirement imposed upon liquidators to summon annual meetings of members and/or creditors for the purpose of laying an account of their acts and dealings and of the conduct of the winding up during the preceding year.

5. Removing the requirement for any document in insolvency proceedings to be sworn by affidavit and to replace it with a less burdensome requirement for such documents to be verified by a statement of truth in accordance with the Civil Procedure Rules 1998.

6. To remove the requirement for an insolvency practitioner, acting as liquidator, to submit a report to the Secretary of State on the conduct of the directors of a company if he has already submitted such a report as administrator of the same company.

7. To remove a requirement that exists for the Insolvency Services Account (“ISA”) kept by the Secretary of State to be held with the Bank of England.

8. To remove the power of the court to order that a person owing monies to a company in liquidation pay those monies into an account, in the liquidator’s name, at the Bank of England.

As an IP, I have to say that on first reading the proposals make good sense.

Comment below, or respond directly to the Insolvency Service on Annex B of the document.

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